Nestled in the picturesque Western Ghats of Kerala, Periyar National Park is a premier wildlife sanctuary that showcases the stunning natural beauty and rich biodiversity of southern India. Spread across 925 square kilometers, this sanctuary is centered around the tranquil Periyar Lake, which was formed by the construction of the Mullaperiyar Dam in 1895. Known for its dense forests, exotic wildlife, and eco-tourism activities, Periyar National Park is a haven for nature lovers, photographers, and adventure seekers.
History and Overview
Periyar National Park, also known as Periyar Tiger Reserve, was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1950 and a tiger reserve in 1978 under the Project Tiger initiative. The park’s rich ecosystem thrives around the artificial Periyar Lake, making it one of the most scenic wildlife destinations in India.
Flora and Fauna
Flora
Periyar National Park is primarily composed of tropical evergreen and deciduous forests. The lush greenery is dotted with species like teak, rosewood, sandalwood, eucalyptus, and vibrant orchids. The dense vegetation provides a perfect habitat for the diverse wildlife.
Fauna
Periyar is renowned for its thriving populations of:
- Mammals: Tigers, Indian elephants, Indian gaur, sambar deer, leopards, Nilgiri langurs, and wild boars.
- Birds: Over 260 species, including the Malabar grey hornbill, Nilgiri wood pigeon, and great Indian hornbill.
- Reptiles: King cobras, Indian rock pythons, and monitor lizards.
- Aquatic Life: Otters and freshwater fish, thriving in the Periyar Lake.
Main Attractions
- Periyar Lake
- The centerpiece of the park, offering boat rides for an unparalleled view of wildlife along the shores.
- Thekkady Boating
- A 90-minute boat ride on Periyar Lake is the most popular activity, ideal for spotting elephants, bison, and other animals drinking from the lake.
- Jeep Safari
- Explore the park’s remote areas and spot wildlife in their natural habitat.
- Bamboo Rafting
- An eco-friendly activity that combines rafting and trekking, offering a closer look at the park’s flora and fauna.
- Nature Walk and Green Walk
- Guided treks through lush forests for birdwatching and photography enthusiasts.
- Periyar Tiger Trail
- A unique trekking and camping experience led by a team of former poachers turned conservationists.
Timings and Days of Operation
- Opening Hours:
- Monday to Sunday: 6:00 AM to 7:00 PM
- Closed Days: Open throughout the year, but the best time to visit is October to May, avoiding the monsoon season when trails may become inaccessible.
Ticket Fees
- Indian Nationals: ₹50 per person
- Foreign Nationals: ₹500 per person
- Children: ₹25 per person
- Boating Charges:
- ₹240 per person for Indian nationals
- ₹300 per person for foreign nationals
- Camera Fee: ₹50 for still cameras, ₹200 for video cameras
Note: Prices may vary, so it is recommended to confirm with the park authorities.
Booking Procedure
- Online Booking
- Visit the official website of Kerala Forest Department or https://periyarfoundation.org.
- Select activities like boating, trekking, or jeep safari and make an online payment.
- On-the-Spot Booking
- Tickets are available at the Periyar Tiger Reserve Entrance. However, online booking is recommended during peak seasons to avoid long queues.
- Authorized Tour Operators
- Many tour operators offer customized packages, including entry tickets, guided tours, and transportation.
How to Reach
Nearest Airport
- Madurai Airport (140 km) or Cochin International Airport (190 km).
Both airports have excellent connectivity to major Indian cities.
Nearest Railway Station
- Kottayam Railway Station (114 km) is the closest railhead. Regular buses and taxis are available to reach Thekkady.
Nearest Town
- Thekkady, located just 4 km from the park, serves as the gateway and has ample accommodation options.
Nearby Attractions
- Thekkady Spice Plantations
Explore aromatic spice gardens and learn about the cultivation of cardamom, pepper, and cloves. - Mangala Devi Temple
A 1000-year-old temple located amidst the forest, offering breathtaking views of the Western Ghats. - Chellarkovil Viewpoint
A picturesque spot to enjoy panoramic views of cascading waterfalls and lush valleys. - Kumily Town
Known for its bustling spice markets and handicraft shops.
Important Facts
- Eco-Tourism Model:
Periyar is celebrated for its community-based eco-tourism initiatives, engaging locals in conservation efforts. - Best Time to Visit:
- Summer (March to May): Excellent for spotting animals near water bodies.
- Winter (October to February): Ideal for trekking and exploring the lush greenery.
- Wildlife Safety:
- Visitors are advised to maintain silence and avoid wearing bright clothes.
- Littering and feeding animals are strictly prohibited.
- Mobile Connectivity:
Limited network availability ensures a peaceful digital detox experience.
Travel Tips
- Wear comfortable shoes and carry rain gear if visiting during monsoons.
- Book accommodations in Thekkady in advance, especially during the tourist season.
- Opt for guided tours to enhance your experience with insights from local experts.
- Carry binoculars and a camera to capture the rich wildlife and breathtaking views.
Periyar National Park is not just a wildlife sanctuary but an emblem of nature’s magnificence and biodiversity. From tranquil boat rides on Periyar Lake to adventurous treks through dense forests, this park offers something for every traveler. Its proximity to other attractions and eco-friendly tourism practices make it a standout destination.
Plan your visit to Periyar National Park and immerse yourself in the serene beauty of Kerala’s wilderness for an unforgettable experience.